Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Variant-adapted COVID-19 vaccine boosters enhance humoral immunity and limit IgG4 accumulation in solid cancer patients

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1699177

Figure Lengend Snippet: Distribution of IgG-RBD-S antibodies before (T1) and after (T2) the dose administration among the 48 oncologic patients. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied to assess differences within groups for paired data at different time points. Patients with positive IgG-N (thus indicating a previous infection) are reported as red dots, while patients with negative IgG-N are reported as blue dots.

Article Snippet: For IgG-N and IgM-S, the results were reported as assay index (S/C) with a positive cut-off ≥1.4 for IgG-N and ≥1 for IgM-S. IgG4-S serum levels were analyzed by standard ELISA method, using the Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody IgG4 Titer serologic Assay Kit (Acro Biosystem, Delaware, USA), following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Infection

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Variant-adapted COVID-19 vaccine boosters enhance humoral immunity and limit IgG4 accumulation in solid cancer patients

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1699177

Figure Lengend Snippet: Level of IgG-RBD-S antibodies based on the number of doses. Oncologic patients were divided according to the number of doses, including the Comirnaty Omicron XBB 1.5 they were receiving (4 TH - Onc and 5 TH - Onc, the most represented groups). A control group receiving the 5 TH dose is also reported. IgG-RBD-S antibodies levels are shown before (T1, panel A) and after (T2, panel B) the dose administration for the same groups. The p value of Kruskal-Wallis test for unpaired data at a specific time point is reported.

Article Snippet: For IgG-N and IgM-S, the results were reported as assay index (S/C) with a positive cut-off ≥1.4 for IgG-N and ≥1 for IgM-S. IgG4-S serum levels were analyzed by standard ELISA method, using the Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody IgG4 Titer serologic Assay Kit (Acro Biosystem, Delaware, USA), following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Variant-adapted COVID-19 vaccine boosters enhance humoral immunity and limit IgG4 accumulation in solid cancer patients

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1699177

Figure Lengend Snippet: Distribution of IgG-RBD-S antibodies among IgM-S(+) and IgM-S(-) patients before (T1) and after (T2) the dose administration among the 48 oncologic patients. Patients with positive IgG-N (thus indicating a previous infection) are reported as red dots, while patients with negative IgG-N are reported as blue dots. The p value of Mann-Whitney U test for unpaired data at a specific time point is reported.

Article Snippet: For IgG-N and IgM-S, the results were reported as assay index (S/C) with a positive cut-off ≥1.4 for IgG-N and ≥1 for IgM-S. IgG4-S serum levels were analyzed by standard ELISA method, using the Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody IgG4 Titer serologic Assay Kit (Acro Biosystem, Delaware, USA), following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Infection, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Variant-adapted COVID-19 vaccine boosters enhance humoral immunity and limit IgG4 accumulation in solid cancer patients

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1699177

Figure Lengend Snippet: Distribution of IgG4-S antibodies before (T1) and after (T2) the dose administration among the 48 oncologic patients. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied to assess differences within groups for paired data at different time points.

Article Snippet: For IgG-N and IgM-S, the results were reported as assay index (S/C) with a positive cut-off ≥1.4 for IgG-N and ≥1 for IgM-S. IgG4-S serum levels were analyzed by standard ELISA method, using the Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody IgG4 Titer serologic Assay Kit (Acro Biosystem, Delaware, USA), following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Variant-adapted COVID-19 vaccine boosters enhance humoral immunity and limit IgG4 accumulation in solid cancer patients

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1699177

Figure Lengend Snippet: Level of IgG4-S antibodies based on the number of doses. Oncologic patients were divided according to the number of doses, including the Comirnaty Omicron XBB 1.5 they were receiving (4 TH - Onc and 5 TH - Onc, the most represented groups). IgG4-S antibodies levels are shown before (T1, panel A) and after (T2, panel B) the dose administration for the same groups. The p value of Mann-Whitney U test for unpaired data at a specific time point is reported.

Article Snippet: For IgG-N and IgM-S, the results were reported as assay index (S/C) with a positive cut-off ≥1.4 for IgG-N and ≥1 for IgM-S. IgG4-S serum levels were analyzed by standard ELISA method, using the Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody IgG4 Titer serologic Assay Kit (Acro Biosystem, Delaware, USA), following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Variant-adapted COVID-19 vaccine boosters enhance humoral immunity and limit IgG4 accumulation in solid cancer patients

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1699177

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of IgG4-S antibodies between oncologic patients and a control group. Oncologic patients receiving the 5 TH dose were compared with a control group at the same number of doses. IgG4-S antibodies levels are shown before (T1, panel A) and after (T2, panel B) the dose administration for the same groups. The p value of Mann-Whitney U test for unpaired data at a specific time point is reported.

Article Snippet: For IgG-N and IgM-S, the results were reported as assay index (S/C) with a positive cut-off ≥1.4 for IgG-N and ≥1 for IgM-S. IgG4-S serum levels were analyzed by standard ELISA method, using the Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody IgG4 Titer serologic Assay Kit (Acro Biosystem, Delaware, USA), following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Comparison, Control, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Variant-adapted COVID-19 vaccine boosters enhance humoral immunity and limit IgG4 accumulation in solid cancer patients

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1699177

Figure Lengend Snippet: Level of IgG-RBD-S antibodies based on the number of doses. The levels observed in the present study for patients receiving the Comirnaty Omicron XBB 1.5 as the 4 TH (4 TH - Onc) or the 5 TH (5 TH - Onc) were compared with data obtained in our previous study on a different cohort of 150 solid tumor patients analyzed before and after the third dose of the Comirnaty Wuhan original vaccine (3 RD - Onc) . A control group receiving the 5 TH dose is also reported. IgG-RBD-S antibodies levels are shown before (T1, panel A) and after (T2, panel B) the dose administration for the same groups. The booster effect based on the antibody level at T1 is reported in panel C (T2-T1). The p value of Kruskal-Wallis test for unpaired data at a specific time point is reported.

Article Snippet: For IgG-N and IgM-S, the results were reported as assay index (S/C) with a positive cut-off ≥1.4 for IgG-N and ≥1 for IgM-S. IgG4-S serum levels were analyzed by standard ELISA method, using the Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody IgG4 Titer serologic Assay Kit (Acro Biosystem, Delaware, USA), following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Control